各国年龄中位数 2026

各国年龄中位数 2026

联合国世界人口展望,2024年修订版(中位方案)

年龄中位数将人口平分为年轻和年长两半,是衡量一个国家人口年轻或老龄化程度最清晰的单一指标。

  • 共 199 个国家和地区参与排名
  • 最高:日本
  • 最低:中非共和國

将此表下载为Excel文件(.xlsx)

排名 国家 年龄中位数地区0-14岁 %15-64岁 %65岁以上 %金字塔形状
1 日本 51.1 亚洲 11.0% 58.8% 30.2% Constrictive
2 馬提尼克 51.0 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 14.5% 58.1% 27.4% Constrictive
3 意大利 49.6 欧洲 11.4% 63.0% 25.6% Constrictive
4 香港 49.0 亚洲 10.0% 65.3% 24.7% Constrictive
5 瓜德罗普 48.4 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 15.9% 58.6% 25.5% Constrictive
6 葡萄牙 48.1 欧洲 12.6% 62.0% 25.4% Constrictive
7 希腊 48.1 欧洲 12.6% 62.7% 24.7% Constrictive
8 大韩民国 47.3 亚洲 9.8% 68.7% 21.4% Constrictive
9 西班牙 47.2 欧洲 12.3% 65.5% 22.2% Constrictive
10 波多黎各 47.2 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 10.9% 63.3% 25.8% Constrictive
11 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那 47.1 欧洲 12.7% 63.8% 23.5% Constrictive
12 德国 46.8 欧洲 13.9% 61.9% 24.2% Constrictive
13 克罗地亚 46.5 欧洲 13.5% 62.5% 24.0% Constrictive
14 保加利亚 46.0 欧洲 14.3% 63.2% 22.5% Constrictive
15 斯洛文尼亚 46.0 欧洲 14.2% 63.1% 22.7% Constrictive
16 美屬維爾京群島 45.9 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 16.4% 60.0% 23.6% Constrictive
17 塞尔维亚 45.6 欧洲 14.2% 62.4% 23.4% Constrictive
18 捷克 45.2 欧洲 14.8% 63.7% 21.4% Constrictive
19 匈牙利 45.1 欧洲 14.3% 64.4% 21.3% Constrictive
20 奥地利 44.9 欧洲 14.1% 64.3% 21.6% Constrictive
21 拉脫維亞 44.9 欧洲 15.0% 62.4% 22.7% Constrictive
22 芬兰 44.4 欧洲 14.0% 61.4% 24.5% Constrictive
23 羅馬尼亞 44.4 欧洲 15.4% 64.3% 20.2% Constrictive
24 爱沙尼亚 44.2 欧洲 14.9% 62.8% 22.3% Constrictive
25 瑞士 44.2 欧洲 14.8% 64.3% 20.9% Constrictive
26 波兰 44.0 欧洲 14.1% 64.6% 21.3% Constrictive
27 斯洛伐克 43.8 欧洲 15.4% 65.1% 19.5% Constrictive
28 立陶宛 43.7 欧洲 14.3% 64.4% 21.3% Constrictive
29 古巴 43.6 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 14.7% 67.7% 17.6% Constrictive
30 法国 43.4 欧洲 16.0% 61.1% 22.9% Constrictive
31 比利时 43.1 欧洲 15.4% 63.2% 21.4% Constrictive
32 乌克兰 42.9 欧洲 13.4% 67.5% 19.1% Constrictive
33 白俄罗斯 42.8 欧洲 15.5% 65.7% 18.9% Constrictive
34 阿魯巴 42.7 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 16.2% 65.3% 18.5% Constrictive
35 荷兰 42.6 欧洲 14.9% 63.9% 21.3% Constrictive
36 马耳他 42.5 欧洲 12.8% 66.3% 20.9% Constrictive
37 丹麦 42.4 欧洲 15.5% 63.1% 21.4% Constrictive
38 馬其頓共和國 42.4 欧洲 16.2% 64.8% 19.0% Constrictive
39 加拿大 41.9 NORTHERN AMERICA 14.9% 64.4% 20.7% Constrictive
40 泰国 41.9 亚洲 14.1% 69.2% 16.7% Constrictive
41 俄罗斯 41.8 欧洲 16.7% 64.9% 18.4% Constrictive
42 中华人民共和国 41.7 亚洲 14.8% 70.1% 15.1% Constrictive
43 瑞典 41.5 欧洲 16.4% 62.5% 21.1% Constrictive
44 澳門 41.4 亚洲 13.4% 70.6% 15.9% Constrictive
45 蒙特內哥羅 41.4 欧洲 17.7% 63.6% 18.8% Constrictive
46 英国 41.2 欧洲 16.7% 63.3% 19.9% Constrictive
47 挪威 41.1 欧洲 15.7% 64.9% 19.4% Constrictive
48 卢森堡 40.8 欧洲 15.7% 68.1% 16.2% Constrictive
49 巴巴多斯 40.6 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 16.9% 65.4% 17.6% Constrictive
50 爱尔兰岛 40.2 欧洲 17.6% 65.8% 16.5% Stationary
51 賽普勒斯 40.1 亚洲 16.0% 68.7% 15.3% Stationary
52 摩尔多瓦 40.1 欧洲 19.2% 63.3% 17.4% Expansive
53 库拉索 40.0 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 14.2% 67.9% 17.8% Constrictive
54 美国 39.7 NORTHERN AMERICA 16.9% 64.3% 18.8% Constrictive
55 澳大利亚 39.5 大洋洲 17.5% 64.0% 18.5% Constrictive
56 留尼汪 39.4 非洲 20.2% 63.0% 16.9% Stationary
57 毛里求斯 39.3 非洲 14.3% 71.0% 14.7% Constrictive
58 千里達及托巴哥 39.2 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 17.2% 69.3% 13.5% Stationary
59 新西兰 39.0 大洋洲 17.6% 64.3% 18.0% Constrictive
60 阿尔巴尼亚 38.9 欧洲 16.3% 65.3% 18.3% Constrictive
61 喬治亞 (消歧義) 38.6 亚洲 20.2% 63.5% 16.4% Stationary
62 智利 38.5 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 16.1% 68.8% 15.1% Constrictive
63 亞美尼亞 38.2 亚洲 18.7% 66.1% 15.2% Stationary
64 新加坡 37.9 亚洲 11.7% 73.5% 14.8% Constrictive
65 乌拉圭 37.8 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 17.5% 66.0% 16.5% Constrictive
66 朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 37.8 亚洲 18.9% 68.1% 13.0% Stationary
67 冰岛 37.7 欧洲 17.3% 66.4% 16.3% Stationary
68 安提瓜和巴布达 37.7 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 17.2% 69.9% 12.9% Constrictive
69 法屬玻里尼西亞 37.6 大洋洲 17.8% 69.6% 12.6% Constrictive
70 哥斯达黎加 36.7 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 17.8% 68.9% 13.3% Constrictive
71 巴哈马 36.7 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 17.2% 70.3% 12.4% Constrictive
72 巴西 36.2 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 19.1% 69.0% 11.9% Stationary
73 圣卢西亚 36.1 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 17.1% 72.6% 10.3% Constrictive
74 格林纳达 35.9 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 18.6% 68.4% 13.0% Stationary
75 新喀里多尼亞 35.8 大洋洲 20.9% 67.0% 12.1% Stationary
76 科威特 35.8 亚洲 17.8% 79.0% 3.3% Stationary
77 圣文森特和格林纳丁斯 35.7 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 20.4% 66.9% 12.6% Stationary
78 塞舌尔 35.6 非洲 19.6% 71.4% 9.0% Stationary
79 伊朗 35.5 亚洲 21.6% 69.5% 8.9% Stationary
80 阿塞拜疆 35.1 亚洲 20.6% 69.6% 9.8% Stationary
81 土耳其 34.9 亚洲 20.6% 68.5% 10.9% Stationary
82 越南 34.9 亚洲 22.4% 67.7% 9.9% Stationary
83 斯里蘭卡 34.6 亚洲 21.4% 65.8% 12.8% Stationary
84 马尔代夫 34.4 亚洲 18.4% 76.3% 5.3% Stationary
85 卡塔尔 34.4 亚洲 15.0% 83.3% 1.7% Constrictive
86 巴林 34.4 亚洲 18.2% 77.7% 4.2% Constrictive
87 阿根廷 34.3 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 20.4% 66.7% 12.9% Stationary
88 牙买加 34.3 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 17.9% 73.1% 9.0% Constrictive
89 突尼西亞 34.3 非洲 23.0% 66.6% 10.3% Stationary
90 文莱 34.2 亚洲 20.4% 72.0% 7.6% Stationary
91 哥伦比亚 34.0 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 19.7% 69.6% 10.6% Constrictive
92 西撒哈拉 33.8 非洲 22.7% 70.3% 7.0% Stationary
93 關島 32.7 大洋洲 25.7% 60.7% 13.6% Expansive
94 阿拉伯联合酋长国 32.6 亚洲 15.9% 82.3% 1.8% Constrictive
95 马来西亚 32.4 亚洲 20.8% 70.8% 8.3% Constrictive
96 不丹 31.9 亚洲 19.8% 73.4% 6.8% Constrictive
97 印度尼西亚 31.7 亚洲 23.9% 68.3% 7.8% Stationary
98 巴拿马 31.6 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 24.1% 65.9% 10.0% Stationary
99 秘鲁 31.6 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 23.3% 67.0% 9.7% Stationary
100 缅甸 31.4 亚洲 23.9% 68.4% 7.7% Stationary
101 摩洛哥 31.1 非洲 24.8% 66.5% 8.8% Stationary
102 墨西哥 31.0 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 23.7% 67.5% 8.8% Stationary
103 阿曼 30.8 亚洲 24.0% 73.2% 2.7% Stationary
104 厄瓜多尔 30.7 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 23.3% 67.8% 8.9% Stationary
105 哈萨克斯坦 30.7 亚洲 28.9% 61.8% 9.3% Expansive
106 沙特阿拉伯 30.6 亚洲 23.4% 73.4% 3.2% Stationary
107 委內瑞拉 30.6 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 24.3% 65.3% 10.4% Stationary
108 佛得角 30.5 非洲 23.8% 68.7% 7.5% Stationary
109 以色列 30.3 亚洲 26.9% 60.3% 12.8% Expansive
110 印度 30.2 亚洲 23.8% 68.6% 7.6% Stationary
111 黎巴嫩 30.0 亚洲 25.0% 64.3% 10.7% Stationary
112 南非 29.9 非洲 25.6% 67.3% 7.1% Stationary
113 蘇利南 29.9 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 25.0% 66.4% 8.5% Stationary
114 阿尔及利亚 29.8 非洲 29.4% 63.5% 7.0% Expansive
115 多明尼加共和國 29.7 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 25.8% 65.7% 8.5% Stationary
116 萨尔瓦多 29.4 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 24.0% 67.6% 8.5% Stationary
117 斐濟 29.3 大洋洲 26.6% 66.6% 6.8% Stationary
118 利比亚 29.1 非洲 26.2% 68.4% 5.4% Stationary
119 巴拉圭 28.3 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 28.1% 64.9% 6.9% Stationary
120 伯利兹 28.3 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 26.0% 68.5% 5.4% Stationary
121 土库曼斯坦 28.1 亚洲 30.8% 64.1% 5.1% Expansive
122 蒙古国 27.9 亚洲 30.9% 63.4% 5.7% Expansive
123 乌兹别克斯坦 27.9 亚洲 31.5% 62.3% 6.3% Expansive
124 菲律宾 27.6 亚洲 26.4% 67.6% 6.0% Stationary
125 圭亚那 27.5 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 28.7% 64.1% 7.2% Stationary
126 柬埔寨 27.4 亚洲 29.2% 64.2% 6.6% Expansive
127 孟加拉国 27.3 亚洲 27.3% 65.8% 6.8% Stationary
128 尼加拉瓜 27.3 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 27.9% 66.3% 5.9% Stationary
129 尼泊尔 26.7 亚洲 27.7% 65.6% 6.7% Stationary
130 吉尔吉斯斯坦 26.5 亚洲 31.4% 62.3% 6.3% Expansive
131 玻利維亞 26.5 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 29.1% 65.1% 5.8% Stationary
132 老挝 26.3 亚洲 29.5% 65.6% 5.0% Stationary
133 吉布提 26.3 非洲 28.5% 66.4% 5.1% Stationary
134 法屬圭亞那 26.0 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 30.8% 61.7% 7.5% Expansive
135 约旦 25.9 亚洲 29.6% 65.4% 5.0% Stationary
136 埃及 25.7 非洲 31.1% 63.5% 5.4% Expansive
137 洪都拉斯 25.6 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 29.9% 65.4% 4.7% Stationary
138 海地 25.4 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 30.4% 64.7% 4.9% Expansive
139 危地马拉 24.8 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 30.5% 64.4% 5.1% Expansive
140 叙利亚 24.8 亚洲 27.9% 67.1% 5.0% Constrictive
141 波札那 24.7 非洲 31.8% 64.1% 4.1% Expansive
142 密克罗尼西亚群岛 24.5 大洋洲 31.2% 62.5% 6.4% Expansive
143 巴布亚新几内亚 24.0 大洋洲 32.8% 63.5% 3.7% Expansive
144 基里巴斯 24.0 大洋洲 34.0% 61.5% 4.5% Expansive
145 斯威士兰 23.7 非洲 32.6% 63.0% 4.4% Expansive
146 塔吉克斯坦 23.3 亚洲 35.4% 60.3% 4.3% Expansive
147 东帝汶 23.2 亚洲 32.6% 62.2% 5.2% Expansive
148 莱索托 23.1 非洲 33.6% 62.5% 3.9% Expansive
149 加蓬 22.6 非洲 35.9% 59.9% 4.2% Expansive
150 纳米比亚 22.6 非洲 36.3% 59.8% 3.9% Expansive
151 加纳 22.6 非洲 35.0% 61.1% 3.9% Expansive
152 伊拉克 22.2 亚洲 35.4% 61.1% 3.5% Expansive
153 東加 22.1 大洋洲 34.4% 58.7% 7.0% Expansive
154 赤道几内亚 22.0 非洲 36.9% 59.3% 3.9% Expansive
155 所罗门群岛 22.0 大洋洲 36.1% 60.2% 3.7% Expansive
156 巴基斯坦 21.8 亚洲 35.8% 59.8% 4.4% Expansive
157 葛摩 21.8 非洲 36.6% 59.0% 4.4% Expansive
158 肯尼亚 21.4 非洲 35.7% 61.2% 3.1% Expansive
159 瓦努阿图 21.4 大洋洲 37.6% 58.0% 4.5% Expansive
160 巴勒斯坦国 21.3 亚洲 37.0% 59.0% 3.9% Expansive
161 卢旺达 21.3 非洲 36.7% 59.2% 4.1% Expansive
162 萨摩亚 21.0 大洋洲 37.5% 56.2% 6.2% Expansive
163 塞拉利昂 21.0 非洲 37.2% 59.5% 3.3% Expansive
164 塞内加尔 20.9 非洲 37.3% 59.0% 3.7% Expansive
165 圣多美和普林西比 20.8 非洲 37.2% 58.8% 4.0% Expansive
166 幾內亞比索 20.6 非洲 37.8% 58.9% 3.3% Expansive
167 厄立特里亚 20.6 非洲 37.1% 58.6% 4.3% Expansive
168 马达加斯加 20.4 非洲 38.6% 57.8% 3.5% Expansive
169 埃塞俄比亚 20.4 非洲 38.5% 58.1% 3.4% Expansive
170 多哥 20.2 非洲 38.8% 57.9% 3.3% Expansive
171 利比里亚 20.0 非洲 38.6% 58.0% 3.4% Expansive
172 南蘇丹 20.0 非洲 37.1% 59.8% 3.2% Expansive
173 刚果 19.8 非洲 39.4% 57.5% 3.1% Expansive
174 冈比亚 19.8 非洲 39.2% 57.5% 3.3% Expansive
175 苏丹共和国 19.8 非洲 39.8% 56.7% 3.5% Expansive
176 科特迪瓦 19.5 非洲 40.0% 57.3% 2.7% Expansive
177 几内亚 19.5 非洲 40.2% 56.3% 3.5% Expansive
178 也门 19.5 亚洲 40.9% 56.5% 2.6% Expansive
179 奈及利亞 19.4 非洲 40.0% 56.9% 3.1% Expansive
180 马拉维 19.4 非洲 39.6% 57.8% 2.6% Expansive
181 辛巴威 19.4 非洲 39.6% 56.8% 3.5% Expansive
182 喀麦隆 19.3 非洲 40.8% 56.4% 2.8% Expansive
183 赞比亚 19.2 非洲 40.5% 57.4% 2.1% Expansive
184 贝宁 19.2 非洲 40.9% 55.9% 3.2% Expansive
185 布吉納法索 19.1 非洲 40.5% 56.8% 2.7% Expansive
186 坦桑尼亚 18.7 非洲 42.1% 54.8% 3.0% Expansive
187 毛里塔尼亚 18.6 非洲 42.0% 54.7% 3.3% Expansive
188 阿富汗 18.5 亚洲 42.2% 55.3% 2.5% Expansive
189 马约特 18.4 非洲 42.1% 55.0% 2.9% Expansive
190 乌干达 18.2 非洲 42.7% 55.1% 2.3% Expansive
191 安哥拉 17.9 非洲 43.8% 53.2% 2.9% Expansive
192 莫桑比克 17.8 非洲 43.9% 53.4% 2.7% Expansive
193 蒲隆地 17.8 非洲 43.2% 54.2% 2.6% Expansive
194 马里共和国 17.0 非洲 45.4% 52.2% 2.3% Expansive
195 剛果民主共和國 17.0 非洲 45.8% 51.1% 3.1% Expansive
196 乍得 16.9 非洲 46.0% 51.9% 2.1% Expansive
197 尼日尔 16.8 非洲 45.8% 51.5% 2.6% Expansive
198 索马里 16.7 非洲 46.5% 50.8% 2.6% Expansive
199 中非共和國 15.7 非洲 48.2% 49.5% 2.2% Expansive

The oldest and youngest populations

Monaco tops this ranking with a median age of 54.1 years, followed closely by Japan at 51.1 — the two countries most often cited as bellwethers for population ageing, for different reasons: Monaco because of its wealthy, long-lived resident population and heavy weighting toward retirees, Japan because of five decades of sustained low fertility working through an otherwise large population. Martinique, Italy and Hong Kong round out the top five, all past 49. At the other extreme, Central African Republic has the world's youngest population at a median age of 15.7 — meaning half its population hasn't reached secondary-school age — with Somalia, Niger, Chad and Mali close behind, all under 17. Sixty-one of the 201 countries in this table have a median age under 25.

A continental divide

The gap between regions is the real story here: Africa's countries average a median age of about 22, Europe's about 44 — a 22-year difference driven almost entirely by fertility, not mortality. A country's median age is a close-to-permanent feature of its population for a generation or more, since the adults of 2050 are already born; a country with today's median age of 17 cannot reach Japan's median age within a single generation even under the most aggressive fertility decline. This is why the countries at the young end of this table are also, unsurprisingly, the fastest-growing countries (see the fastest-growing countries ranking) — a broad base of children guarantees decades of further population growth even if fertility starts falling today.

Reading the pyramid-shape column

The "pyramid shape" column classifies each country as expansive (broad base, still growing structurally), constrictive (narrow base, ageing and likely shrinking), or stationary (roughly even cohort sizes). It's a compact summary of the same underlying age structure that determines the median age, dependency ratios and growth rate — see our explainer for what each shape looks like and what it means for a country's future.

常见问题

该排名涵盖多少个国家?

本表涵盖 199 个国家和地区,依据联合国《世界人口展望》数据排名。

哪个国家的人口最老龄化?

日本人口最老龄化,2026年年龄中位数为51.1岁。

哪个国家的人口最年轻?

中非共和國人口最年轻,2026年年龄中位数为15.7岁。

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