Wskaźnik obciążenia demograficznego według krajów 2026

Wskaźnik obciążenia demograficznego według krajów 2026

Prognozy ludności ONZ (World Population Prospects), rewizja 2024 (wariant średni)

Wskaźnik obciążenia demograficznego porównuje liczbę dzieci i osób starszych z liczbą ludności w wieku produkcyjnym, która ich utrzymuje.

  • 200 krajów i terytoriów w rankingu
  • Najwyższy: Republika Środkowoafrykańska
  • Najniższy: Katar

Pobierz tę tabelę jako Excel (.xlsx)

Pozycja Kraj Całkowity wskaźnik obciążeniaRegionWskaźnik obciążenia dziećmiWskaźnik obciążenia osobami starszymiMediana wieku
1 Republika Środkowoafrykańska 101.9% Afryka 97.4% 4.5% 15.7
2 Monako 100.0% Europa 28.1% 71.9% 54.1
3 Somalia 96.7% Afryka 91.5% 5.2% 16.7
4 DR Konga 95.8% Afryka 89.7% 6.1% 17.0
5 Niger 94.1% Afryka 89.0% 5.1% 16.8
6 Czad 92.8% Afryka 88.7% 4.1% 16.9
7 Mali 91.5% Afryka 87.0% 4.5% 17.0
8 Angola 87.8% Afryka 82.3% 5.5% 17.9
9 Mozambik 87.2% Afryka 82.1% 5.1% 17.8
10 Burundi 84.4% Afryka 79.7% 4.7% 17.8
11 Mauretania 82.9% Afryka 76.9% 6.0% 18.6
12 Tanzania 82.4% Afryka 76.9% 5.5% 18.7
13 Majotta 81.8% Afryka 76.6% 5.2% 18.4
14 Uganda 81.6% Afryka 77.5% 4.1% 18.2
15 Afganistan 80.7% Azja 76.3% 4.4% 18.5
16 Benin 79.0% Afryka 73.3% 5.7% 19.2
17 Samoa 77.9% Oceania 66.8% 11.1% 21.0
18 Gwinea 77.6% Afryka 71.4% 6.2% 19.5
19 Kamerun 77.4% Afryka 72.4% 5.0% 19.3
20 Jemen 77.0% Azja 72.4% 4.6% 19.5
21 Sudan 76.3% Afryka 70.2% 6.1% 19.8
22 Burkina Faso 76.2% Afryka 71.4% 4.8% 19.1
23 Zimbabwe 75.9% Afryka 69.7% 6.2% 19.4
24 Nigeria 75.7% Afryka 70.3% 5.4% 19.4
25 Wybrzeże Kości Słoniowej 74.6% Afryka 69.9% 4.7% 19.5
26 Kongo (ujednoznacznienie) 74.1% Afryka 68.6% 5.5% 19.8
27 Zambia 74.1% Afryka 70.5% 3.6% 19.2
28 Gambia 73.7% Afryka 68.0% 5.7% 19.8
29 Madagaskar 72.9% Afryka 66.8% 6.1% 20.4
30 Malawi 72.9% Afryka 68.4% 4.5% 19.4
31 Togo 72.7% Afryka 67.0% 5.7% 20.2
32 Vanuatu 72.5% Oceania 64.8% 7.7% 21.4
33 Liberia 72.4% Afryka 66.6% 5.8% 20.0
34 Etiopia 72.1% Afryka 66.3% 5.8% 20.4
35 Martynika 72.1% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 25.0% 47.1% 51.0
36 Erytrea 70.7% Afryka 63.3% 7.4% 20.6
37 Gwadelupa 70.5% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 27.0% 43.5% 48.4
38 Tonga 70.5% Oceania 58.6% 11.9% 22.1
39 Japonia 70.2% Azja 18.8% 51.4% 51.1
40 Wyspy Świętego Tomasza i Książęca 70.0% Afryka 63.2% 6.8% 20.8
41 Gwinea Bissau 69.9% Afryka 64.3% 5.6% 20.6
42 Komory 69.6% Afryka 62.1% 7.5% 21.8
43 Palestyna (państwo) 69.5% Azja 62.8% 6.7% 21.3
44 Senegal 69.5% Afryka 63.3% 6.2% 20.9
45 Rwanda 68.9% Afryka 62.0% 6.9% 21.3
46 Gwinea Równikowa 68.7% Afryka 62.2% 6.5% 22.0
47 Sierra Leone 68.2% Afryka 62.6% 5.6% 21.0
48 Sudan Południowy 67.4% Afryka 62.1% 5.3% 20.0
49 Pakistan 67.3% Azja 59.9% 7.4% 21.8
50 Namibia 67.1% Afryka 60.6% 6.5% 22.6
51 Gabon 67.0% Afryka 60.0% 7.0% 22.6
52 Wyspy Dziewicze Stanów Zjednoczonych 66.7% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 27.4% 39.3% 45.9
53 Wyspy Salomona 66.2% Oceania 60.0% 6.2% 22.0
54 Izrael 65.9% Azja 44.6% 21.3% 30.3
55 Tadżykistan 65.9% Azja 58.8% 7.1% 23.3
56 Guam 64.7% Oceania 42.3% 22.4% 32.7
57 Ghana 63.7% Afryka 57.3% 6.4% 22.6
58 Francja 63.6% Europa 26.1% 37.5% 43.4
59 Irak 63.6% Azja 57.9% 5.7% 22.2
60 Kenia 63.4% Afryka 58.4% 5.0% 21.4
61 Finlandia 62.7% Europa 22.8% 39.9% 44.4
62 Kiribati 62.6% Oceania 55.2% 7.4% 24.0
63 Gujana Francuska 62.1% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 50.0% 12.1% 26.0
64 Kazachstan 61.8% Azja 46.7% 15.1% 30.7
65 Niemcy 61.6% Europa 22.4% 39.2% 46.8
66 Portugalia 61.3% Europa 20.4% 40.9% 48.1
67 Timor Wschodni 60.7% Azja 52.4% 8.3% 23.2
68 Uzbekistan 60.6% Azja 50.5% 10.1% 27.9
69 Kirgistan 60.5% Azja 50.5% 10.0% 26.5
70 Łotwa 60.3% Europa 24.0% 36.3% 44.9
71 Serbia 60.3% Europa 22.8% 37.5% 45.6
72 Mikronezja (wyspy) 60.1% Oceania 49.9% 10.2% 24.5
73 Chorwacja 60.1% Europa 21.6% 38.5% 46.5
74 Lesotho 60.0% Afryka 53.8% 6.2% 23.1
75 Szwecja 60.0% Europa 26.3% 33.7% 41.5
76 Grecja 59.4% Europa 20.0% 39.4% 48.1
77 Estonia 59.1% Europa 23.7% 35.4% 44.2
78 Włochy 58.9% Europa 18.2% 40.7% 49.6
79 Reunion 58.8% Afryka 32.0% 26.8% 39.4
80 Suazi 58.8% Afryka 51.8% 7.0% 23.7
81 Słowenia 58.5% Europa 22.6% 35.9% 46.0
82 Dania 58.4% Europa 24.5% 33.9% 42.4
83 Bułgaria 58.2% Europa 22.7% 35.5% 46.0
84 Belgia 58.2% Europa 24.4% 33.8% 43.1
85 Portoryko 58.0% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 17.2% 40.8% 47.2
86 Wielka Brytania 57.9% Europa 26.4% 31.5% 41.2
87 Mołdawia 57.9% Europa 30.4% 27.5% 40.1
88 Mongolia 57.8% Azja 48.7% 9.1% 27.9
89 Georgia (ujednoznacznienie) 57.6% Azja 31.8% 25.8% 38.6
90 Egipt 57.6% Afryka 49.0% 8.6% 25.7
91 Papua-Nowa Gwinea 57.6% Oceania 51.7% 5.9% 24.0
92 Algieria 57.5% Afryka 46.4% 11.1% 29.8
93 Czarnogóra 57.3% Europa 27.8% 29.5% 41.4
94 Czechy 57.0% Europa 23.3% 33.7% 45.2
95 Bośnia i Hercegowina 56.7% Europa 19.9% 36.8% 47.1
96 Holandia 56.6% Europa 23.3% 33.3% 42.6
97 Australia 56.2% Oceania 27.4% 28.8% 39.5
98 Gujana 56.1% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 44.8% 11.3% 27.5
99 Turkmenistan 56.0% Azja 48.1% 7.9% 28.1
100 Botswana 56.0% Afryka 49.6% 6.4% 24.7
101 Kambodża 55.8% Azja 45.5% 10.3% 27.4
102 Stany Zjednoczone 55.6% NORTHERN AMERICA 26.3% 29.3% 39.7
103 Liban 55.5% Azja 38.8% 16.7% 30.0
104 Rumunia 55.5% Europa 24.0% 31.5% 44.4
105 Szwajcaria 55.5% Europa 23.0% 32.5% 44.2
106 Austria 55.5% Europa 21.9% 33.6% 44.9
107 Węgry 55.4% Europa 22.3% 33.1% 45.1
108 Nowa Zelandia 55.4% Oceania 27.4% 28.0% 39.0
109 Kanada 55.3% NORTHERN AMERICA 23.1% 32.2% 41.9
110 Litwa 55.3% Europa 22.2% 33.1% 43.7
111 Gwatemala 55.2% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 47.3% 7.9% 24.8
112 Polska 54.8% Europa 21.9% 32.9% 44.0
113 Haiti 54.4% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 46.9% 7.5% 25.4
114 Macedonia 54.4% Europa 25.1% 29.3% 42.4
115 Rosja 54.1% Europa 25.8% 28.3% 41.8
116 Norwegia 54.1% Europa 24.2% 29.9% 41.1
117 Paragwaj 53.9% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 43.3% 10.6% 28.3
118 Boliwia 53.7% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 44.7% 9.0% 26.5
119 Słowacja 53.5% Europa 23.6% 29.9% 43.8
120 Hongkong 53.1% Azja 15.3% 37.8% 49.0
121 Aruba 53.1% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 24.8% 28.3% 42.7
122 Wenezuela 53.0% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 37.2% 15.8% 30.6
123 Albania 53.0% Europa 25.0% 28.0% 38.9
124 Jordania 52.9% Azja 45.3% 7.6% 25.9
125 Barbados 52.8% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 25.9% 26.9% 40.6
126 Honduras 52.8% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 45.7% 7.1% 25.6
127 Laos 52.6% Azja 45.0% 7.6% 26.3
128 Hiszpania 52.6% Europa 18.8% 33.8% 47.2
129 Nepal 52.5% Azja 42.2% 10.3% 26.7
130 Białoruś 52.3% Europa 23.5% 28.8% 42.8
131 Dominikana 52.2% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 39.3% 12.9% 29.7
132 Sri Lanka 52.0% Azja 32.5% 19.5% 34.6
133 Bangladesz 51.9% Azja 41.5% 10.4% 27.3
134 Irlandia (wyspa) 51.9% Europa 26.8% 25.1% 40.2
135 Panama 51.8% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 36.7% 15.1% 31.6
136 Urugwaj 51.6% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 26.5% 25.1% 37.8
137 Armenia 51.3% Azja 28.3% 23.0% 38.2
138 Nikaragua 51.0% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 42.1% 8.9% 27.3
139 Malta 50.7% Europa 19.2% 31.5% 42.5
140 Islandia 50.6% Europa 26.1% 24.5% 37.7
141 Surinam 50.5% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 37.7% 12.8% 29.9
142 Dżibuti 50.5% Afryka 42.8% 7.7% 26.3
143 Maroko 50.4% Afryka 37.2% 13.2% 31.1
144 Fidżi 50.1% Oceania 39.9% 10.2% 29.3
145 Tunezja 50.1% Afryka 34.6% 15.5% 34.3
146 Argentyna 49.9% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 30.6% 19.3% 34.3
147 Saint Vincent i Grenadyny 49.5% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 30.6% 18.9% 35.7
148 Nowa Kaledonia 49.3% Oceania 31.2% 18.1% 35.8
149 Peru 49.2% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 34.7% 14.5% 31.6
150 Syria 49.0% Azja 41.6% 7.4% 24.8
151 Republika Południowej Afryki 48.5% Afryka 38.0% 10.5% 29.9
152 Ukraina 48.3% Europa 19.9% 28.4% 42.9
153 Salwador 48.1% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 35.5% 12.6% 29.4
154 Meksyk 48.1% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 35.1% 13.0% 31.0
155 Filipiny 47.9% Azja 39.1% 8.8% 27.6
156 Kuba 47.8% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 21.8% 26.0% 43.6
157 Wietnam 47.8% Azja 33.2% 14.6% 34.9
158 Ekwador 47.5% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 34.4% 13.1% 30.7
159 Curaçao (terytorium) 47.2% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 20.9% 26.3% 40.0
160 Luksemburg 46.9% Europa 23.1% 23.8% 40.8
161 Korea Północna 46.8% Azja 27.7% 19.1% 37.8
162 Indonezja 46.3% Azja 34.9% 11.4% 31.7
163 Libia 46.2% Afryka 38.3% 7.9% 29.1
164 Mjanma 46.2% Azja 34.9% 11.3% 31.4
165 Grenada 46.1% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 27.1% 19.0% 35.9
166 Belize 45.9% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 38.0% 7.9% 28.3
167 Turcja 45.9% Azja 30.0% 15.9% 34.9
168 Indie 45.8% Azja 34.7% 11.1% 30.2
169 Cypr 45.6% Azja 23.4% 22.2% 40.1
170 Republika Zielonego Przylądka 45.6% Afryka 34.7% 10.9% 30.5
171 Korea Południowa 45.5% Azja 14.3% 31.2% 47.3
172 Chile 45.3% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 23.4% 21.9% 38.5
173 Kostaryka 45.2% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 25.9% 19.3% 36.7
174 Brazylia 45.0% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 27.7% 17.3% 36.2
175 Tajlandia 44.4% Azja 20.3% 24.1% 41.9
176 Trynidad i Tobago 44.3% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 24.8% 19.5% 39.2
177 Iran 43.9% Azja 31.0% 12.9% 35.5
178 Polinezja Francuska 43.8% Oceania 25.7% 18.1% 37.6
179 Kolumbia 43.7% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 28.4% 15.3% 34.0
180 Azerbejdżan 43.6% Azja 29.6% 14.0% 35.1
181 Antigua i Barbuda 43.0% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 24.6% 18.4% 37.7
182 Chińska Republika Ludowa 42.7% Azja 21.1% 21.6% 41.7
183 Bahamy 42.2% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 24.5% 17.7% 36.7
184 Sahara Zachodnia 42.2% Afryka 32.3% 9.9% 33.8
185 Makau 41.6% Azja 19.0% 22.6% 41.4
186 Malezja 41.2% Azja 29.4% 11.8% 32.4
187 Mauritius 40.9% Afryka 20.2% 20.7% 39.3
188 Seszele 40.0% Afryka 27.4% 12.6% 35.6
189 Brunei 38.9% Azja 28.3% 10.6% 34.2
190 Saint Lucia 37.7% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 23.5% 14.2% 36.1
191 Jamajka 36.8% LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 24.5% 12.3% 34.3
192 Oman 36.5% Azja 32.8% 3.7% 30.8
193 Bhutan 36.2% Azja 27.0% 9.2% 31.9
194 Arabia Saudyjska 36.2% Azja 31.9% 4.3% 30.6
195 Singapur 36.1% Azja 16.0% 20.1% 37.9
196 Malediwy 31.1% Azja 24.2% 6.9% 34.4
197 Bahrajn 28.8% Azja 23.4% 5.4% 34.4
198 Kuwejt 26.6% Azja 22.5% 4.1% 35.8
199 Zjednoczone Emiraty Arabskie 21.5% Azja 19.3% 2.2% 32.6
200 Katar 20.1% Azja 18.0% 2.1% 34.4

Two very different routes to a high dependency ratio

Central African Republic has the world's highest total dependency ratio, at almost 102 dependents for every 100 working-age people — meaning there are slightly more children and elderly combined than there are people of working age to support them. Somalia and D.R. Congo aren't far behind. But these countries get there almost entirely through child dependency: huge young populations relative to a comparatively small working-age base, the same pattern visible in our median age ranking's youngest countries. Monaco is the striking exception at the top of the table, with a total dependency ratio of 100 driven almost entirely by old-age dependency instead — a small, ageing resident population with very few children.

The Gulf outlier

At the opposite end, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait and Bahrain have the lowest dependency ratios in the world, all under 32 dependents per 100 working-age people. This isn't primarily a fertility story — it reflects these countries' very large working-age migrant populations, which inflate the denominator without a matching increase in the number of children or retirees (most migrant workers move without dependents and often return home before retirement). It's a useful reminder that the dependency ratio measures a population's current age structure, not how many people any one household actually supports.

Why this ratio matters

The dependency ratio is a rough proxy for the economic weight each working-age person carries — in taxes, pensions, schooling, and direct family support — even though it says nothing about actual income, productivity or the participation rate of anyone counted as "working age." A rising old-age dependency ratio (visible on our shrinking populations ranking) and a falling child dependency ratio, happening together, is the signature of a population moving through the later stages of the demographic transition: fewer children being born, but a large surviving cohort of retirees still to be supported.

Najczęściej zadawane pytania

Ile krajów obejmuje ten ranking?

Ta tabela obejmuje 200 krajów i terytoriów, uszeregowanych na podstawie danych ONZ World Population Prospects.

Który kraj ma najwyższy wskaźnik obciążenia demograficznego?

Republika Środkowoafrykańska ma najwyższy całkowity wskaźnik obciążenia demograficznego — 101.9 osób zależnych na 100 osób w wieku produkcyjnym.

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