Population Pyramids of the World from 1950 to 2100

China Population Pyramid 2054

China
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2054
Population: 1,214,853,346

Year

-5 -1   2054  +1 +5

Country

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z
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Summary

China in 2054

United Nations projections (medium variant) put the population of China at 1,214,853,346 in 2054. That would be 7.5% less than in 2044 (1,314,015,986).

With a projected median age of 54.1 years, China would have a youth dependency ratio of 17.3 and an old-age dependency ratio of 60.3 per 100 people of working age. The narrow base of the pyramid marks a constrictive age structure: fertility below replacement level and a rising share of older people.

Ranks #2 of 201 by population Ranks #7 of 201 by median age Ranks #182 of 201 by growth

Share of the population by age group, 1950–2100

Data source: United Nations World Population Prospects, 2024 revision (medium variant) — last updated July 2024.

Key indicators for China
Population
1,214,853,346
Median age
54.1
0-14 %
9.7%
65+ %
34.0%
Child dependency
17.3
Old-age dependency
60.3
Region
ASIA
Pyramid shape
Constrictive
Population 2050
1,260,289,094
Population 2100
633,368,113
What is driving the change
Births per woman
Total fertility rate, 1960–2023
12345678
1960Replacement level (2.1)2023 · 1.0

The fertility rate of China was 1.00 births per woman in 2023, under the 2.1 needed to replace each generation.

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.

Life expectancy at birth
Years, 1960–2023
Total Women Men
2030405060708090
19602023 · 78.0

A child born there in 2023 could expect to live 78.0 years on average (80.9 years for girls, 75.2 for boys).

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.

People supported per 100 workers
Dependency ratios, 1950–2100
Children Older adults
285582110
19502100
Migration to and from China
Where immigrants come from (2024)

1,565,013 immigrants live in China, 0.1% of the population.

China, Hong Kong SAR421,605
Myanmar367,052
Taiwan170,422
Viet Nam88,254
Republic of Korea65,073
Where emigrants live (2024)

11,696,846 people born in China live in other countries.

China, Hong Kong SAR2,490,414
United States of America2,488,775
Japan809,893
Canada771,973
Republic of Korea756,684
Explore
Immigration statistics Origin of migrant stocks map

Source: United Nations International Migrant Stock 2024.

How China compares with its neighbours
Country Population Median age Relative size
China 1,214,853,346 54.1
Japan 102,415,685 53.8
Republic of Korea 43,157,452 59.1
Dem. People's Republic of Korea 25,383,403 44.2
Taiwan 18,611,286 58.2
Frequently asked questions about China's population
What will the population of China be in 2054?
UN projections put China's population at 1,214,853,346 in 2054.
Is China's population growing or shrinking?
China's population declined 7.5% over the previous ten years, and is projected to reach 1,260,289,094 by 2050.
How old is the population of China?
China's median age is 54.1 years.
What share of China's population is over 65 or under 15?
34.0% of China's population is 65 or older, and 9.7% is under 15.
What shape is China's population pyramid, and what does it mean?
China's pyramid is constrictive — narrower at the base than the middle, the signature of sustained low fertility and population ageing.

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