Population Pyramids of the World from 1950 to 2100

Estonia Population Pyramid 1990

Estonia
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1990
Population: 1,570,303

Year

-5 -1   1990  +1 +5

Country

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z
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Summary

Estonia in 1990

As of 1990, Estonia counted 1,570,304 inhabitants. Over the previous ten years the population grew by 6.4%, up from 1,476,463 in 1980.

Half of the population was younger than 34.3 years; 22.3% were children under 15 and 11.6% were 65 or older. This is a stationary pyramid — similar numbers in each age group up to the older cohorts, the signature of near-replacement fertility.

Ranks #146 of 201 by population Ranks #22 of 201 by median age Ranks #159 of 201 by growth

Share of the population by age group, 1950–2100

Data source: United Nations World Population Prospects, 2024 revision (medium variant) — last updated July 2024.

Key indicators for Estonia
Population
1,570,304
Median age
34.3
0-14 %
22.3%
65+ %
11.6%
Child dependency
33.7
Old-age dependency
17.6
Region
EUROPE
Pyramid shape
Stationary
Population 2050
1,174,268
Population 2100
825,503
What is driving the change
Births per woman
Total fertility rate, 1960–2023
123
1960Replacement level (2.1)2023 · 1.31

The fertility rate of Estonia was 1.31 births per woman in 2023, under the 2.1 needed to replace each generation.

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.

Life expectancy at birth
Years, 1960–2023
Total Women Men
5060708090
19602023 · 78.5

Life expectancy at birth was 78.5 years in 2023: 83.1 for women and 74.1 for men.

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.

People supported per 100 workers
Dependency ratios, 1950–2100
Children Older adults
18355270
19502100
Migration to and from Estonia
Where immigrants come from (2024)

203,017 immigrants live in Estonia, 14.9% of the population.

Russian Federation121,354
Ukraine24,628
Belarus10,721
Latvia6,143
Finland6,040
Where emigrants live (2024)

124,215 people born in Estonia live in other countries.

Finland55,655
Russian Federation24,906
Ukraine10,531
Sweden9,461
Norway5,273
Explore
Immigration statistics Origin of migrant stocks map

Source: United Nations International Migrant Stock 2024.

How Estonia compares with its neighbours
Country Population Median age Relative size
Estonia 1,570,304 34.3
Latvia 2,660,132 34.6
Iceland 254,834 30.0
Ireland 3,514,018 29.2
Lithuania 3,695,013 32.7
Frequently asked questions about Estonia's population
What was the population of Estonia in 1990?
Estonia had a population of 1,570,304 in 1990.
Is Estonia's population growing or shrinking?
Estonia's population grew 6.4% over the previous ten years, and is projected to reach 1,174,268 by 2050.
What is the median age in Estonia?
Estonia's median age is 34.3 years.
What share of Estonia's population is over 65 or under 15?
11.6% of Estonia's population is 65 or older, and 22.3% is under 15.
What type of population pyramid does Estonia have?
Estonia has a stationary pyramid: cohort sizes are roughly even through the younger ages, reflecting fertility close to replacement level.

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