Estonia Population Pyramid 1999
Estonia
Afghanistan
Africa
Albania
Algeria
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Asia
Australia
Australia/New Zealand
Austria
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Bosnia and Herzegovina
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China, Hong Kong SAR
China, Macao SAR
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Cyprus
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Dem. People's Republic of Korea
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Denmark
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Dominican Republic
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Ecuador
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Estonia
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Europe
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French Guiana
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Gabon
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Guinea
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Haiti
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Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Iraq
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Jamaica
Japan
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Latin America and the Caribbean
Latvia
Least developed countries
Lebanon
Lesotho
Less developed regions
Less developed regions, excluding China
Less developed regions, excluding least developed countries
Liberia
Libya
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Martinique
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Melanesia
Mexico
Micronesia
Micronesia (Fed. States of)
Middle Africa
Mongolia
Montenegro
More developed regions
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Africa
Northern America
Northern Europe
Norway
Oceania
Oman
Other non-specified areas
Pakistan
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Polynesia
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Republic of Korea
Republic of Moldova
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Réunion
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Samoa
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
South America
South Sudan
South-Central Asia
South-Eastern Asia
Southern Africa
Southern Asia
Southern Europe
Spain
Sri Lanka
State of Palestine
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
TFYR Macedonia
Tajikistan
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United Republic of Tanzania
United States Virgin Islands
United States of America
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Viet Nam
Western Africa
Western Asia
Western Europe
Western Sahara
World
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
1999
Population:
1,403,577
Summary
Estonia in 1999
As of 1999, Estonia counted 1,403,577 inhabitants. That is 10.5% less than in 1989, when the population stood at 1,567,588.
With a median age of 37.6 years, Estonia had a youth dependency ratio of 27.5 and an old-age dependency ratio of 22.1 per 100 people of working age. This is a stationary pyramid — similar numbers in each age group up to the older cohorts, the signature of near-replacement fertility.
Data source: United Nations World Population Prospects, 2024 revision (medium variant) — last updated July 2024.
Key indicators for Estonia
Population
1,403,577
Median age
37.6
0-14 %
18.4%
65+ %
14.8%
Child dependency
27.5
Old-age dependency
22.1
Region
Pyramid shape
Population 2050
1,174,268
Population 2100
825,503
What is driving the change
Births per woman
Total fertility rate, 1960–2023
123
1960Replacement level (2.1)2023 · 1.31
The fertility rate of Estonia was 1.31 births per woman in 2023, under the 2.1 needed to replace each generation.
Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.
Life expectancy at birth
Years, 1960–2023
Total
Women
Men
5060708090
19602023 · 78.5
Life expectancy at birth was 78.5 years in 2023: 83.1 for women and 74.1 for men.
Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.
People supported per 100 workers
Dependency ratios, 1950–2100
Children
Older adults
18355270
19502100
Migration to and from Estonia
Where immigrants come from (2024)
203,017 immigrants live in Estonia, 14.9% of the population.
| Russian Federation | 121,354 |
| Ukraine | 24,628 |
| Belarus | 10,721 |
| Latvia | 6,143 |
| Finland | 6,040 |
Where emigrants live (2024)
124,215 people born in Estonia live in other countries.
| Finland | 55,655 |
| Russian Federation | 24,906 |
| Ukraine | 10,531 |
| Sweden | 9,461 |
| Norway | 5,273 |
Explore
Immigration statistics
Origin of migrant stocks map
Source: United Nations International Migrant Stock 2024.
How Estonia compares with its neighbours
| Country | Population | Median age | Relative size |
|---|---|---|---|
| Estonia | 1,403,578 | 37.6 | |
| Latvia | 2,390,822 | 37.6 | |
| Iceland | 277,448 | 32.6 | |
| Lithuania | 3,522,902 | 35.6 | |
| Ireland | 3,752,938 | 32.2 |
Frequently asked questions about Estonia's population
How many people lived in Estonia in 1999?
Estonia had a population of 1,403,577 in 1999.
Is the population of Estonia increasing or decreasing?
Estonia's population declined 10.5% over the previous ten years, and is projected to reach 1,174,268 by 2050.
How old is the population of Estonia?
The median age in Estonia is 37.6 years — half the population is younger, half older.
How many children and older people live in Estonia?
In Estonia, 18.4% of people are under 15 and 14.8% are 65 or older.
What shape is Estonia's population pyramid, and what does it mean?
Estonia has a stationary pyramid: cohort sizes are roughly even through the younger ages, reflecting fertility close to replacement level.
