Population Pyramids of the World from 1950 to 2100

Estonia Population Pyramid 2019

Estonia
Afghanistan Africa Albania Algeria Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Asia Australia Australia/New Zealand Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Caribbean Central African Republic Central America Central Asia Chad Channel Islands Chile China China, Hong Kong SAR China, Macao SAR Colombia Comoros Congo Costa Rica Croatia Cuba Curaçao Cyprus Czech Republic Côte d'Ivoire Dem. People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominican Republic Eastern Africa Eastern Asia Eastern Europe Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Europe Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latin America and the Caribbean Latvia Least developed countries Lebanon Lesotho Less developed regions Less developed regions, excluding China Less developed regions, excluding least developed countries Liberia Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Melanesia Mexico Micronesia Micronesia (Fed. States of) Middle Africa Mongolia Montenegro More developed regions Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Northern Africa Northern America Northern Europe Norway Oceania Oman Other non-specified areas Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Polynesia Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Réunion Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South America South Sudan South-Central Asia South-Eastern Asia Southern Africa Southern Asia Southern Europe Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sub-Saharan Africa Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic TFYR Macedonia Tajikistan Thailand Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States Virgin Islands United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Western Africa Western Asia Western Europe Western Sahara World Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe
2019
Population: 1,326,821

Year

-5 -1   2019  +1 +5

Country

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z
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Summary

Estonia in 2019

The population of Estonia in 2019 was 1,326,821. Over the previous ten years the population declined by 0.6%, down from 1,334,529 in 2009.

Half of the population was younger than 42.2 years; 16.4% were children under 15 and 19.9% were 65 or older. The narrow base of the pyramid marks a constrictive age structure: fertility below replacement level and a rising share of older people.

Ranks #155 of 201 by population Ranks #29 of 201 by median age Ranks #174 of 201 by growth

Share of the population by age group, 1950–2100

Data source: United Nations World Population Prospects, 2024 revision (medium variant) — last updated July 2024.

Key indicators for Estonia
Population
1,326,821
Median age
42.2
0-14 %
16.4%
65+ %
19.9%
Child dependency
25.8
Old-age dependency
31.3
Region
EUROPE
Pyramid shape
Constrictive
Population 2050
1,174,268
Population 2100
825,503
What is driving the change
Births per woman
Total fertility rate, 1960–2023
123
1960Replacement level (2.1)2023 · 1.31

The fertility rate of Estonia was 1.31 births per woman in 2023, under the 2.1 needed to replace each generation.

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.

Life expectancy at birth
Years, 1960–2023
Total Women Men
5060708090
19602023 · 78.5

Life expectancy at birth was 78.5 years in 2023: 83.1 for women and 74.1 for men.

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.

People supported per 100 workers
Dependency ratios, 1950–2100
Children Older adults
18355270
19502100
Migration to and from Estonia
Where immigrants come from (2024)

203,017 immigrants live in Estonia, 14.9% of the population.

Russian Federation121,354
Ukraine24,628
Belarus10,721
Latvia6,143
Finland6,040
Where emigrants live (2024)

124,215 people born in Estonia live in other countries.

Finland55,655
Russian Federation24,906
Ukraine10,531
Sweden9,461
Norway5,273
Explore
Immigration statistics Origin of migrant stocks map

Source: United Nations International Migrant Stock 2024.

How Estonia compares with its neighbours
Country Population Median age Relative size
Estonia 1,326,822 42.2
Latvia 1,914,263 43.6
Iceland 360,700 36.5
Lithuania 2,795,058 44.1
Ireland 4,933,491 37.8
Frequently asked questions about Estonia's population
What was the population of Estonia in 2019?
Estonia had a population of 1,326,821 in 2019.
Is Estonia's population growing or shrinking?
Yes, shrinking: down 0.6% from 2009, with a projected population of 1,174,268 in 2050.
How old is the population of Estonia?
Estonia's median age is 42.2 years.
What share of Estonia's population is over 65 or under 15?
19.9% of Estonia's population is 65 or older, and 16.4% is under 15.
What shape is Estonia's population pyramid, and what does it mean?
Estonia's pyramid is constrictive — narrower at the base than the middle, the signature of sustained low fertility and population ageing.

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