Estonia Population Pyramid 2030
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2030
Population:
1,302,772
Summary
Estonia in 2030
By 2030, the population of Estonia is expected to reach 1,302,772. Ten years before, in 2020, the projected population is still 1,329,670 — a ten-year decline of 2.0%.
With a projected median age of 45.7 years, Estonia would have a youth dependency ratio of 21.9 and an old-age dependency ratio of 37.4 per 100 people of working age. The pyramid is constrictive: cohorts of children are smaller than those of their parents, reflecting low fertility and an ageing population.
Data source: United Nations World Population Prospects, 2024 revision (medium variant) — last updated July 2024.
Key indicators for Estonia
Population
1,302,772
Median age
45.7
0-14 %
13.7%
65+ %
23.5%
Child dependency
21.9
Old-age dependency
37.4
Region
Pyramid shape
Population 2050
1,174,268
Population 2100
825,503
What is driving the change
Births per woman
Total fertility rate, 1960–2023
123
1960Replacement level (2.1)2023 · 1.31
The fertility rate of Estonia was 1.31 births per woman in 2023, under the 2.1 needed to replace each generation.
Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.
Life expectancy at birth
Years, 1960–2023
Total
Women
Men
5060708090
19602023 · 78.5
Life expectancy at birth was 78.5 years in 2023: 83.1 for women and 74.1 for men.
Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.
People supported per 100 workers
Dependency ratios, 1950–2100
Children
Older adults
18355270
19502100
Migration to and from Estonia
Where immigrants come from (2024)
203,017 immigrants live in Estonia, 14.9% of the population.
| Russian Federation | 121,354 |
| Ukraine | 24,628 |
| Belarus | 10,721 |
| Latvia | 6,143 |
| Finland | 6,040 |
Where emigrants live (2024)
124,215 people born in Estonia live in other countries.
| Finland | 55,655 |
| Russian Federation | 24,906 |
| Ukraine | 10,531 |
| Sweden | 9,461 |
| Norway | 5,273 |
Explore
Immigration statistics
Origin of migrant stocks map
Source: United Nations International Migrant Stock 2024.
How Estonia compares with its neighbours
| Country | Population | Median age | Relative size |
|---|---|---|---|
| Estonia | 1,302,772 | 45.7 | |
| Latvia | 1,777,620 | 46.0 | |
| Iceland | 414,348 | 39.1 | |
| Lithuania | 2,706,358 | 44.8 | |
| Ireland | 5,525,094 | 40.9 |
Frequently asked questions about Estonia's population
What will the population of Estonia be in 2030?
UN projections put Estonia's population at 1,302,772 in 2030.
Is Estonia's population growing or shrinking?
Yes, shrinking: down 2.0% from 2020, with a projected population of 1,174,268 in 2050.
How old is the population of Estonia?
The median age in Estonia is 45.7 years — half the population is younger, half older.
How many children and older people live in Estonia?
23.5% of Estonia's population is 65 or older, and 13.7% is under 15.
What shape is Estonia's population pyramid, and what does it mean?
Estonia's pyramid is constrictive — narrower at the base than the middle, the signature of sustained low fertility and population ageing.
