Estonia Population Pyramid 2031
Estonia
Afghanistan
Africa
Albania
Algeria
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Asia
Australia
Australia/New Zealand
Austria
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Barbados
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Belize
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Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Brazil
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Burkina Faso
Burundi
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Cambodia
Cameroon
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Caribbean
Central African Republic
Central America
Central Asia
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
China, Hong Kong SAR
China, Macao SAR
Colombia
Comoros
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Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
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Cyprus
Czech Republic
Côte d'Ivoire
Dem. People's Republic of Korea
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Denmark
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Dominican Republic
Eastern Africa
Eastern Asia
Eastern Europe
Ecuador
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El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Europe
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French Guiana
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Gambia
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Ghana
Greece
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Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hungary
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Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
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Lao People's Democratic Republic
Latin America and the Caribbean
Latvia
Least developed countries
Lebanon
Lesotho
Less developed regions
Less developed regions, excluding China
Less developed regions, excluding least developed countries
Liberia
Libya
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Martinique
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Melanesia
Mexico
Micronesia
Micronesia (Fed. States of)
Middle Africa
Mongolia
Montenegro
More developed regions
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Africa
Northern America
Northern Europe
Norway
Oceania
Oman
Other non-specified areas
Pakistan
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Polynesia
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Republic of Korea
Republic of Moldova
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Réunion
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Samoa
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
South America
South Sudan
South-Central Asia
South-Eastern Asia
Southern Africa
Southern Asia
Southern Europe
Spain
Sri Lanka
State of Palestine
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
TFYR Macedonia
Tajikistan
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United Republic of Tanzania
United States Virgin Islands
United States of America
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Viet Nam
Western Africa
Western Asia
Western Europe
Western Sahara
World
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2031
Population:
1,295,722
Summary
Estonia in 2031
By 2031, the population of Estonia is expected to reach 1,295,722. That would be 2.7% less than in 2021 (1,331,750).
The median age is projected at 46.1 years, with 21.3 children under 15 and 37.8 people aged 65 or over for every 100 people of working age (15–64). The pyramid is constrictive: cohorts of children are smaller than those of their parents, reflecting low fertility and an ageing population.
Data source: United Nations World Population Prospects, 2024 revision (medium variant) — last updated July 2024.
Key indicators for Estonia
Population
1,295,722
Median age
46.1
0-14 %
13.4%
65+ %
23.7%
Child dependency
21.3
Old-age dependency
37.8
Region
Pyramid shape
Population 2050
1,174,268
Population 2100
825,503
What is driving the change
Births per woman
Total fertility rate, 1960–2023
123
1960Replacement level (2.1)2023 · 1.31
The fertility rate of Estonia was 1.31 births per woman in 2023, under the 2.1 needed to replace each generation.
Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.
Life expectancy at birth
Years, 1960–2023
Total
Women
Men
5060708090
19602023 · 78.5
Life expectancy at birth was 78.5 years in 2023: 83.1 for women and 74.1 for men.
Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.
People supported per 100 workers
Dependency ratios, 1950–2100
Children
Older adults
18355270
19502100
Migration to and from Estonia
Where immigrants come from (2024)
203,017 immigrants live in Estonia, 14.9% of the population.
| Russian Federation | 121,354 |
| Ukraine | 24,628 |
| Belarus | 10,721 |
| Latvia | 6,143 |
| Finland | 6,040 |
Where emigrants live (2024)
124,215 people born in Estonia live in other countries.
| Finland | 55,655 |
| Russian Federation | 24,906 |
| Ukraine | 10,531 |
| Sweden | 9,461 |
| Norway | 5,273 |
Explore
Immigration statistics
Origin of migrant stocks map
Source: United Nations International Migrant Stock 2024.
How Estonia compares with its neighbours
| Country | Population | Median age | Relative size |
|---|---|---|---|
| Estonia | 1,295,722 | 46.1 | |
| Latvia | 1,762,869 | 46.3 | |
| Iceland | 416,609 | 39.5 | |
| Lithuania | 2,684,470 | 45.1 | |
| Ireland | 5,560,659 | 41.0 |
Frequently asked questions about Estonia's population
What will the population of Estonia be in 2031?
Estonia is projected to have a population of 1,295,722 in 2031.
Is Estonia's population growing or shrinking?
Yes, shrinking: down 2.7% from 2021, with a projected population of 1,174,268 in 2050.
What is the median age in Estonia?
The median age in Estonia is 46.1 years — half the population is younger, half older.
How many children and older people live in Estonia?
In Estonia, 13.4% of people are under 15 and 23.7% are 65 or older.
What type of population pyramid does Estonia have?
Estonia has a constrictive pyramid: cohorts of children are smaller than those of their parents, reflecting low fertility and an ageing population.
