Population Pyramids of the World from 1950 to 2100

Estonia Population Pyramid 2038

Estonia
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2038
Population: 1,249,007

Year

-5 -1   2038  +1 +5

Country

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z
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Summary

Estonia in 2038

United Nations projections (medium variant) put the population of Estonia at 1,249,008 in 2038. That would be 5.2% less than in 2028 (1,316,863).

The median age is projected at 48.5 years, with 19.0 children under 15 and 41.5 people aged 65 or over for every 100 people of working age (15–64). The pyramid is constrictive: cohorts of children are smaller than those of their parents, reflecting low fertility and an ageing population.

Ranks #159 of 201 by population Ranks #19 of 201 by median age Ranks #181 of 201 by growth

Share of the population by age group, 1950–2100

Data source: United Nations World Population Prospects, 2024 revision (medium variant) — last updated July 2024.

Key indicators for Estonia
Population
1,249,008
Median age
48.5
0-14 %
11.8%
65+ %
25.9%
Child dependency
19.0
Old-age dependency
41.5
Region
EUROPE
Pyramid shape
Constrictive
Population 2050
1,174,268
Population 2100
825,503
What is driving the change
Births per woman
Total fertility rate, 1960–2023
123
1960Replacement level (2.1)2023 · 1.31

The fertility rate of Estonia was 1.31 births per woman in 2023, under the 2.1 needed to replace each generation.

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.

Life expectancy at birth
Years, 1960–2023
Total Women Men
5060708090
19602023 · 78.5

Life expectancy at birth was 78.5 years in 2023: 83.1 for women and 74.1 for men.

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.

People supported per 100 workers
Dependency ratios, 1950–2100
Children Older adults
18355270
19502100
Migration to and from Estonia
Where immigrants come from (2024)

203,017 immigrants live in Estonia, 14.9% of the population.

Russian Federation121,354
Ukraine24,628
Belarus10,721
Latvia6,143
Finland6,040
Where emigrants live (2024)

124,215 people born in Estonia live in other countries.

Finland55,655
Russian Federation24,906
Ukraine10,531
Sweden9,461
Norway5,273
Explore
Immigration statistics Origin of migrant stocks map

Source: United Nations International Migrant Stock 2024.

How Estonia compares with its neighbours
Country Population Median age Relative size
Estonia 1,249,008 48.5
Latvia 1,666,727 48.4
Iceland 427,488 42.3
Lithuania 2,530,462 47.7
Finland 5,504,993 46.8
Frequently asked questions about Estonia's population
What will the population of Estonia be in 2038?
Estonia is projected to have a population of 1,249,008 in 2038.
Is the population of Estonia increasing or decreasing?
Yes, shrinking: down 5.2% from 2028, with a projected population of 1,174,268 in 2050.
How old is the population of Estonia?
The median age in Estonia is 48.5 years — half the population is younger, half older.
What share of Estonia's population is over 65 or under 15?
In Estonia, 11.8% of people are under 15 and 25.9% are 65 or older.
What shape is Estonia's population pyramid, and what does it mean?
Estonia's pyramid is constrictive — narrower at the base than the middle, the signature of sustained low fertility and population ageing.

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