Population Pyramids of the World from 1950 to 2100

Madagascar Population Pyramid 1991

Madagascar
Afghanistan Africa Albania Algeria Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Asia Australia Australia/New Zealand Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Caribbean Central African Republic Central America Central Asia Chad Channel Islands Chile China China, Hong Kong SAR China, Macao SAR Colombia Comoros Congo Costa Rica Croatia Cuba Curaçao Cyprus Czech Republic Côte d'Ivoire Dem. People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominican Republic Eastern Africa Eastern Asia Eastern Europe Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Europe Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latin America and the Caribbean Latvia Least developed countries Lebanon Lesotho Less developed regions Less developed regions, excluding China Less developed regions, excluding least developed countries Liberia Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Melanesia Mexico Micronesia Micronesia (Fed. States of) Middle Africa Mongolia Montenegro More developed regions Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Northern Africa Northern America Northern Europe Norway Oceania Oman Other non-specified areas Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Polynesia Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Réunion Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South America South Sudan South-Central Asia South-Eastern Asia Southern Africa Southern Asia Southern Europe Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sub-Saharan Africa Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic TFYR Macedonia Tajikistan Thailand Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States Virgin Islands United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Western Africa Western Asia Western Europe Western Sahara World Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe
1991
Population: 12,421,411

Year

-5 -1   1991  +1 +5

Country

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z
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Summary

Madagascar in 1991

As of 1991, Madagascar counted 12,421,412 inhabitants. That is 33.9% more than in 1981, when the population stood at 9,279,011.

With a median age of 16.9 years, Madagascar had a youth dependency ratio of 89.1 and an old-age dependency ratio of 5.7 per 100 people of working age. The broad-based, expansive shape of the pyramid points to high fertility and strong population growth.

Ranks #58 of 201 by population Ranks #173 of 201 by median age Ranks #45 of 201 by growth

Share of the population by age group, 1950–2100

Data source: United Nations World Population Prospects, 2024 revision (medium variant) — last updated July 2024.

Key indicators for Madagascar
Population
12,421,412
Median age
16.9
0-14 %
45.7%
65+ %
2.9%
Child dependency
89.1
Old-age dependency
5.7
Region
AFRICA
Pyramid shape
Expansive
Population 2050
53,185,475
Population 2100
85,341,148
What is driving the change
Births per woman
Total fertility rate, 1960–2023
12345678
1960Replacement level (2.1)2023 · 3.97

The fertility rate of Madagascar was 3.97 births per woman in 2023, above the 2.1 needed to replace each generation.

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.

Life expectancy at birth
Years, 1960–2023
Total Women Men
3040506070
19602023 · 63.6

A child born there in 2023 could expect to live 63.6 years on average (65.4 years for girls, 61.9 for boys).

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.

People supported per 100 workers
Dependency ratios, 1950–2100
Children Older adults
255075100
19502100
Migration to and from Madagascar
Where immigrants come from (2024)

28,259 immigrants live in Madagascar, 0.1% of the population.

Comoros13,199
France10,776
China2,382
India1,902
Where emigrants live (2024)

212,454 people born in Madagascar live in other countries.

France162,751
Réunion17,859
Mayotte10,316
Comoros9,569
Italy2,903
Explore
Immigration statistics Origin of migrant stocks map

Source: United Nations International Migrant Stock 2024.

How Madagascar compares with its neighbours
Country Population Median age Relative size
Madagascar 12,421,412 16.9
Mozambique 13,352,090 17.1
Zimbabwe 10,404,816 16.5
Malawi 9,844,227 17.2
Zambia 7,981,650 15.7
Frequently asked questions about Madagascar's population
How many people lived in Madagascar in 1991?
In 1991, Madagascar's population was 12,421,412.
Is the population of Madagascar increasing or decreasing?
Madagascar's population grew 33.9% over the previous ten years, and is projected to reach 53,185,475 by 2050.
How old is the population of Madagascar?
The median age in Madagascar is 16.9 years — half the population is younger, half older.
What share of Madagascar's population is over 65 or under 15?
In Madagascar, 45.7% of people are under 15 and 2.9% are 65 or older.
What shape is Madagascar's population pyramid, and what does it mean?
Madagascar's pyramid is expansive — broad at the bottom, the signature of high birth rates and a growing population.

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