Population Pyramids of the World from 1950 to 2100

Mongolia Population Pyramid 2040

Mongolia
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2040
Population: 4,095,554

Year

-5 -1   2040  +1 +5

Country

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z
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Summary

Mongolia in 2040

In 2040, Mongolia is projected to have a population of 4,095,554 people. Ten years before, in 2030, the projected population is 3,705,232 — 10.5% lower.

Half of the population would be younger than 29.6 years, with 22.8% children under 15 and 10.0% aged 65 or older. This is a constrictive pyramid — its base is narrower than its middle, the signature of sustained low birth rates and population ageing.

Ranks #131 of 201 by population Ranks #137 of 201 by median age Ranks #73 of 201 by growth

Share of the population by age group, 1950–2100

Data source: United Nations World Population Prospects, 2024 revision (medium variant) — last updated July 2024.

Key indicators for Mongolia
Population
4,095,554
Median age
29.6
0-14 %
22.8%
65+ %
10.0%
Child dependency
34.0
Old-age dependency
14.8
Region
ASIA
Pyramid shape
Constrictive
Population 2050
4,501,493
Population 2100
5,519,345
What is driving the change
Births per woman
Total fertility rate, 1960–2023
12345678
1960Replacement level (2.1)2023 · 2.7

The fertility rate of Mongolia was 2.70 births per woman in 2023, above the 2.1 needed to replace each generation.

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.

Life expectancy at birth
Years, 1960–2023
Total Women Men
304050607080
19602023 · 72.1

Life expectancy at birth was 72.1 years in 2023: 76.8 for women and 67.6 for men.

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.

People supported per 100 workers
Dependency ratios, 1950–2100
Children Older adults
255075100
19502100
Migration to and from Mongolia
Where immigrants come from (2024)

21,818 immigrants live in Mongolia, 0.6% of the population.

China12,085
Russian Federation3,420
Republic of Korea2,103
United States of America906
Dem. People's Republic of Korea718
Where emigrants live (2024)

175,596 people born in Mongolia live in other countries.

Kazakhstan75,801
Republic of Korea45,698
Japan20,179
Australia11,188
Sweden6,866
Explore
Immigration statistics Origin of migrant stocks map

Source: United Nations International Migrant Stock 2024.

How Mongolia compares with its neighbours
Country Population Median age Relative size
Mongolia 4,095,554 29.6
China, Hong Kong SAR 6,816,568 57.5
China, Macao SAR 706,891 51.2
Taiwan 21,257,134 53.9
Dem. People's Republic of Korea 26,542,433 42.1
Frequently asked questions about Mongolia's population
How many people are projected to live in Mongolia in 2040?
UN projections put Mongolia's population at 4,095,554 in 2040.
Is the population of Mongolia increasing or decreasing?
Yes, growing: up 10.5% from 2030, with a projected population of 4,501,493 in 2050.
What is the median age in Mongolia?
Mongolia's median age is 29.6 years.
What share of Mongolia's population is over 65 or under 15?
In Mongolia, 22.8% of people are under 15 and 10.0% are 65 or older.
What shape is Mongolia's population pyramid, and what does it mean?
Mongolia has a constrictive pyramid: cohorts of children are smaller than those of their parents, reflecting low fertility and an ageing population.

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