Population Pyramids of the World from 1950 to 2100

Poland Population Pyramid 2090

Poland
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2090
Population: 21,452,557

Year

-5 -1   2090  +1 +5

Country

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z
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Summary

Poland in 2090

United Nations projections (medium variant) put the population of Poland at 21,452,558 in 2090. Ten years before, in 2080, the projected population is still 24,037,703 — a ten-year decline of 10.8%.

The median age is projected at 55.5 years, with 21.6 children under 15 and 78.1 people aged 65 or over for every 100 people of working age (15–64). The narrow base of the pyramid marks a constrictive age structure: fertility below replacement level and a rising share of older people.

Ranks #74 of 201 by population Ranks #16 of 201 by median age Ranks #189 of 201 by growth

Share of the population by age group, 1950–2100

Data source: United Nations World Population Prospects, 2024 revision (medium variant) — last updated July 2024.

Key indicators for Poland
Population
21,452,558
Median age
55.5
0-14 %
10.8%
65+ %
39.1%
Child dependency
21.6
Old-age dependency
78.1
Region
EUROPE
Pyramid shape
Constrictive
Population 2050
32,814,097
Population 2100
19,329,839
What is driving the change
Births per woman
Total fertility rate, 1960–2023
123
1960Replacement level (2.1)2023 · 1.16

In 2023 women in Poland had on average 1.16 children, below the replacement level of 2.1.

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.

Life expectancy at birth
Years, 1960–2023
Total Women Men
60708090
19602023 · 78.5

Life expectancy at birth was 78.5 years in 2023: 82.4 for women and 74.8 for men.

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.

People supported per 100 workers
Dependency ratios, 1950–2100
Children Older adults
20406080
19502100
Migration to and from Poland
Where immigrants come from (2024)

1,729,533 immigrants live in Poland, 4.5% of the population.

Ukraine1,102,774
United Kingdom184,964
Germany86,793
Belarus56,258
Ireland34,300
Where emigrants live (2024)

4,572,276 people born in Poland live in other countries.

Germany1,883,559
United Kingdom902,193
United States of America396,647
Netherlands210,981
Canada123,819
Explore
Immigration statistics Origin of migrant stocks map

Source: United Nations International Migrant Stock 2024.

How Poland compares with its neighbours
Country Population Median age Relative size
Poland 21,452,558 55.5
Ukraine 17,908,878 58.7
Romania 11,598,357 50.0
Czech Republic 8,418,482 47.9
Hungary 7,612,096 47.2
Frequently asked questions about Poland's population
What will the population of Poland be in 2090?
UN projections put Poland's population at 21,452,558 in 2090.
Is Poland's population growing or shrinking?
Yes, shrinking: down 10.8% from 2080, with a projected population of 32,814,097 in 2050.
How old is the population of Poland?
The median age in Poland is 55.5 years — half the population is younger, half older.
How many children and older people live in Poland?
39.1% of Poland's population is 65 or older, and 10.8% is under 15.
What shape is Poland's population pyramid, and what does it mean?
Poland has a constrictive pyramid: cohorts of children are smaller than those of their parents, reflecting low fertility and an ageing population.

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