Population Pyramids of the World from 1950 to 2100

Spain Population Pyramid 2031

Spain
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2031
Population: 47,523,489

Year

-5 -1   2031  +1 +5

Country

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z
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Summary

Spain in 2031

United Nations projections (medium variant) put the population of Spain at 47,523,489 in 2031. The total would be almost unchanged from 2021 (47,735,664).

With a projected median age of 49.4 years, Spain would have a youth dependency ratio of 17.5 and an old-age dependency ratio of 39.7 per 100 people of working age. The narrow base of the pyramid marks a constrictive age structure: fertility below replacement level and a rising share of older people.

Ranks #36 of 201 by population Ranks #10 of 201 by median age Ranks #159 of 201 by growth

Share of the population by age group, 1950–2100

Data source: United Nations World Population Prospects, 2024 revision (medium variant) — last updated July 2024.

Key indicators for Spain
Population
47,523,489
Median age
49.4
0-14 %
11.2%
65+ %
25.3%
Child dependency
17.5
Old-age dependency
39.7
Region
EUROPE
Pyramid shape
Constrictive
Population 2050
44,928,558
Population 2100
33,127,479
What is driving the change
Births per woman
Total fertility rate, 1960–2023
1234
1960Replacement level (2.1)2023 · 1.12

The fertility rate of Spain was 1.12 births per woman in 2023, under the 2.1 needed to replace each generation.

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.

Life expectancy at birth
Years, 1960–2023
Total Women Men
60708090
19602023 · 83.9

A child born there in 2023 could expect to live 83.9 years on average (86.7 years for girls, 81.2 for boys).

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.

People supported per 100 workers
Dependency ratios, 1950–2100
Children Older adults
20406080
19502100
Migration to and from Spain
Where immigrants come from (2024)

8,305,043 immigrants live in Spain, 17.3% of the population.

Morocco1,088,408
Colombia792,228
Venezuela602,539
Romania522,578
Ecuador432,111
Where emigrants live (2024)

1,597,508 people born in Spain live in other countries.

France254,830
United Kingdom211,894
United States of America168,755
Germany166,899
Romania85,101
Explore
Immigration statistics Origin of migrant stocks map

Source: United Nations International Migrant Stock 2024.

How Spain compares with its neighbours
Country Population Median age Relative size
Spain 47,523,489 49.4
Italy 57,680,120 51.2
Portugal 10,298,430 49.5
Greece 9,677,618 49.8
Serbia 6,414,891 46.8
Frequently asked questions about Spain's population
What will the population of Spain be in 2031?
Spain is projected to have a population of 47,523,489 in 2031.
Is the population of Spain increasing or decreasing?
It has been roughly stable since 2021, with a projected population of 44,928,558 in 2050.
What is the median age in Spain?
The median age in Spain is 49.4 years — half the population is younger, half older.
What share of Spain's population is over 65 or under 15?
In Spain, 11.2% of people are under 15 and 25.3% are 65 or older.
What shape is Spain's population pyramid, and what does it mean?
Spain's pyramid is constrictive — narrower at the base than the middle, the signature of sustained low fertility and population ageing.

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