Population Pyramids of the World from 1950 to 2100

Turkmenistan Population Pyramid 1978

Turkmenistan
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1978
Population: 2,691,087

Year

-5 -1   1978  +1 +5

Country

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z
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Summary

Turkmenistan in 1978

The population of Turkmenistan in 1978 was 2,691,088. Over the previous ten years the population grew by 29.2%, up from 2,083,069 in 1968.

The median age was 18.3 years, and for every 100 people of working age (15–64) there were 78.4 children under 15 and 8.0 people aged 65 or over. This is an expansive pyramid — each cohort of children is larger than the one above it, the signature of high birth rates and rapid growth.

Ranks #125 of 201 by population Ranks #121 of 201 by median age Ranks #75 of 201 by growth

Share of the population by age group, 1950–2100

Data source: United Nations World Population Prospects, 2024 revision (medium variant) — last updated July 2024.

Key indicators for Turkmenistan
Population
2,691,088
Median age
18.3
0-14 %
42.1%
65+ %
4.3%
Child dependency
78.4
Old-age dependency
8.0
Region
ASIA
Pyramid shape
Expansive
Population 2050
9,639,708
Population 2100
9,946,598
What is driving the change
Births per woman
Total fertility rate, 1960–2023
1234567
1960Replacement level (2.1)2023 · 2.69

In 2023 women in Turkmenistan had on average 2.69 children, above the replacement level of 2.1.

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.

Life expectancy at birth
Years, 1960–2023
Total Women Men
4050607080
19602023 · 70.1

A child born there in 2023 could expect to live 70.1 years on average (72.8 years for girls, 66.9 for boys).

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.

People supported per 100 workers
Dependency ratios, 1950–2100
Children Older adults
255075100
19502100
Migration to and from Turkmenistan
Where immigrants come from (2024)

189,691 immigrants live in Turkmenistan, 2.5% of the population.

Russian Federation74,157
Uzbekistan66,605
Kazakhstan19,875
Ukraine7,905
Azerbaijan7,551
Where emigrants live (2024)

365,787 people born in Turkmenistan live in other countries.

Turkey119,955
Kazakhstan117,117
Russian Federation87,585
Ukraine23,286
Belarus5,319
Explore
Immigration statistics Origin of migrant stocks map

Source: United Nations International Migrant Stock 2024.

How Turkmenistan compares with its neighbours
Country Population Median age Relative size
Turkmenistan 2,691,088 18.3
Kyrgyzstan 3,584,523 20.1
Tajikistan 3,768,508 18.0
Kazakhstan 14,711,497 23.2
Uzbekistan 14,816,349 18.6
Frequently asked questions about Turkmenistan's population
How many people lived in Turkmenistan in 1978?
In 1978, Turkmenistan's population was 2,691,088.
Is Turkmenistan's population growing or shrinking?
Yes, growing: up 29.2% from 1968, with a projected population of 9,639,708 in 2050.
How old is the population of Turkmenistan?
The median age in Turkmenistan is 18.3 years — half the population is younger, half older.
How many children and older people live in Turkmenistan?
In Turkmenistan, 42.1% of people are under 15 and 4.3% are 65 or older.
What shape is Turkmenistan's population pyramid, and what does it mean?
Turkmenistan has an expansive pyramid: a wide base of young cohorts reflecting high fertility and continued population growth.

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