Population Pyramids of the World from 1950 to 2100

Estonia Population Pyramid 2029

Estonia
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2029
Population: 1,309,806

Year

-5 -1   2029  +1 +5

Country

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z
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Summary

Estonia in 2029

In 2029, Estonia is projected to have a population of 1,309,807 people. Compared with 2019, when the projection stands at 1,326,821, that represents a decline of 1.3% over ten years.

Half of the population would be younger than 45.3 years, with 14.0% children under 15 and 23.2% aged 65 or older. This is a constrictive pyramid — its base is narrower than its middle, the signature of sustained low birth rates and population ageing.

Ranks #157 of 201 by population Ranks #25 of 201 by median age Ranks #170 of 201 by growth

Share of the population by age group, 1950–2100

Data source: United Nations World Population Prospects, 2024 revision (medium variant) — last updated July 2024.

Key indicators for Estonia
Population
1,309,807
Median age
45.3
0-14 %
14.0%
65+ %
23.2%
Child dependency
22.4
Old-age dependency
37.0
Region
EUROPE
Pyramid shape
Constrictive
Population 2050
1,174,268
Population 2100
825,503
What is driving the change
Births per woman
Total fertility rate, 1960–2023
123
1960Replacement level (2.1)2023 · 1.31

The fertility rate of Estonia was 1.31 births per woman in 2023, under the 2.1 needed to replace each generation.

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.

Life expectancy at birth
Years, 1960–2023
Total Women Men
5060708090
19602023 · 78.5

Life expectancy at birth was 78.5 years in 2023: 83.1 for women and 74.1 for men.

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.

People supported per 100 workers
Dependency ratios, 1950–2100
Children Older adults
18355270
19502100
Migration to and from Estonia
Where immigrants come from (2024)

203,017 immigrants live in Estonia, 14.9% of the population.

Russian Federation121,354
Ukraine24,628
Belarus10,721
Latvia6,143
Finland6,040
Where emigrants live (2024)

124,215 people born in Estonia live in other countries.

Finland55,655
Russian Federation24,906
Ukraine10,531
Sweden9,461
Norway5,273
Explore
Immigration statistics Origin of migrant stocks map

Source: United Nations International Migrant Stock 2024.

How Estonia compares with its neighbours
Country Population Median age Relative size
Estonia 1,309,807 45.3
Latvia 1,792,484 45.7
Iceland 411,856 38.7
Lithuania 2,728,543 44.5
Ireland 5,487,474 40.7
Frequently asked questions about Estonia's population
What will the population of Estonia be in 2029?
Estonia is projected to have a population of 1,309,807 in 2029.
Is the population of Estonia increasing or decreasing?
Yes, shrinking: down 1.3% from 2019, with a projected population of 1,174,268 in 2050.
What is the median age in Estonia?
Estonia's median age is 45.3 years.
What share of Estonia's population is over 65 or under 15?
23.2% of Estonia's population is 65 or older, and 14.0% is under 15.
What shape is Estonia's population pyramid, and what does it mean?
Estonia has a constrictive pyramid: cohorts of children are smaller than those of their parents, reflecting low fertility and an ageing population.

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