Population Pyramids of the World from 1950 to 2100

Estonia Population Pyramid 2040

Estonia
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2040
Population: 1,236,787

Year

-5 -1   2040  +1 +5

Country

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z
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Summary

Estonia in 2040

By 2040, the population of Estonia is expected to reach 1,236,787. Compared with 2030, when the projection stands at 1,302,772, that represents a decline of 5.1% over ten years.

The median age is projected at 49.2 years, with 19.3 children under 15 and 43.0 people aged 65 or over for every 100 people of working age (15–64). This is a constrictive pyramid — its base is narrower than its middle, the signature of sustained low birth rates and population ageing.

Ranks #159 of 201 by population Ranks #20 of 201 by median age Ranks #179 of 201 by growth

Share of the population by age group, 1950–2100

Data source: United Nations World Population Prospects, 2024 revision (medium variant) — last updated July 2024.

Key indicators for Estonia
Population
1,236,787
Median age
49.2
0-14 %
11.9%
65+ %
26.5%
Child dependency
19.3
Old-age dependency
43.0
Region
EUROPE
Pyramid shape
Constrictive
Population 2050
1,174,268
Population 2100
825,503
What is driving the change
Births per woman
Total fertility rate, 1960–2023
123
1960Replacement level (2.1)2023 · 1.31

The fertility rate of Estonia was 1.31 births per woman in 2023, under the 2.1 needed to replace each generation.

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.

Life expectancy at birth
Years, 1960–2023
Total Women Men
5060708090
19602023 · 78.5

Life expectancy at birth was 78.5 years in 2023: 83.1 for women and 74.1 for men.

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, latest available year.

People supported per 100 workers
Dependency ratios, 1950–2100
Children Older adults
18355270
19502100
Migration to and from Estonia
Where immigrants come from (2024)

203,017 immigrants live in Estonia, 14.9% of the population.

Russian Federation121,354
Ukraine24,628
Belarus10,721
Latvia6,143
Finland6,040
Where emigrants live (2024)

124,215 people born in Estonia live in other countries.

Finland55,655
Russian Federation24,906
Ukraine10,531
Sweden9,461
Norway5,273
Explore
Immigration statistics Origin of migrant stocks map

Source: United Nations International Migrant Stock 2024.

How Estonia compares with its neighbours
Country Population Median age Relative size
Estonia 1,236,787 49.2
Latvia 1,640,644 48.9
Iceland 429,453 43.1
Lithuania 2,484,835 48.3
Finland 5,480,523 47.0
Frequently asked questions about Estonia's population
How many people are projected to live in Estonia in 2040?
Estonia is projected to have a population of 1,236,787 in 2040.
Is Estonia's population growing or shrinking?
Estonia's population declined 5.1% over the previous ten years, and is projected to reach 1,174,268 by 2050.
What is the median age in Estonia?
Estonia's median age is 49.2 years.
How many children and older people live in Estonia?
In Estonia, 11.9% of people are under 15 and 26.5% are 65 or older.
What type of population pyramid does Estonia have?
Estonia's pyramid is constrictive — narrower at the base than the middle, the signature of sustained low fertility and population ageing.

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